| Page load speed | 2.5–5s on mobile after optimisation — hard Liquid floor | Sub-1s achievable — but only if implemented correctly | Sub-500ms average — verified against real CrUX data before launch |
| Rendering architecture | Server-side Liquid — sequential, single-region, no code splitting | Next.js or custom framework — quality depends entirely on team skill | Next.js 15 with App Router, ISR, and edge rendering on Vercel |
| Global CDN | Shopify's CDN for assets — but HTML still single-region rendered | Vercel/Cloudflare edge — if configured correctly by your team | Vercel edge network — sub-100ms TTFB in all major regions globally |
| JavaScript per page | Monolithic theme bundle — every page loads all JS regardless of need | Route-level code splitting possible — implementation quality varies | Per-route bundles — only the JavaScript each page actually needs is shipped |
| Shopify admin | Full native admin — products, orders, discounts, analytics unchanged | Full native admin maintained — if Storefront API is implemented correctly | Full native admin maintained — your ops team notices zero change |
| Checkout | Native Shopify checkout — PCI compliant, all payment methods | Risk area — headless checkout implementation requires deep expertise | Shopify Checkout Extensibility — native checkout, PCI compliant, all payment methods |
| Personalisation | Limited — Liquid sections, no client-side personalisation without JS hacks | Fully possible — React component-level personalisation | Edge-rendered personalisation, customer-tier product visibility, A/B at CDN level |
| Build timeline | Immediate — you already have a Liquid theme | 4–16 weeks — depends heavily on in-house engineering capacity | 6–10 weeks — architecture doc in week 1, production launch by week 6–10 |
| Ongoing maintenance | Shopify handles platform updates — theme changes via Liquid | Full ownership of frontend — your team handles all updates and bugs | Codebase documented, handoff training provided — your team or ours maintains |